Born in Goa, Souza joined the Sir J.J. School of Art, Bombay, from where he was expelled for organizing a strike. He was a founder member and wrote the manifesto for the Progressive Artists Group, which held its first exhibition in Bombay (1948).
Soon after he left for London where he supported himself on occasional journalism. He received special attention from Stephen Spender, editor of Encounter. His articles appeared in magazines such as Studio International and Art News and Review.
Villiers, London (1959) published his autobiography Words and Lines. Souza had a very successful show at Gallery One, London (1961). In the following year a monograph - Blond, London, published Souza by Edward Mullins. Since then he continued to exhibit in several major art centers of the world and participated in numerous important exhibitions including Coups de Coeur, Geneva (1986); Modern Indian Paintings, Hirschhorn Museum, Washington DC (1982); Contemporary Indian Art, Royal Academy of Arts, London (1982); India Myth and Reality-Aspects of Contemporary Indian Art, Museum of Modern Art, Oxford (1982); and Art Now in India, Arts Council of Great Britain (1965).
Souza passed away in Mumbai in 2002.